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1. 1. Universe design tool ■ SAP BusinessObjects Business Intelligence platform 4.0 Support Package 02 2011-04-14
2. 2. © 2011 SAP AG. All rights reserved.SAP, R/3, SAP NetWeaver, Duet, PartnerEdge, ByDesign, SAP Business ByDesign, and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective Copyright logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG in Germany and other countries. Business Objects and the Business Objects logo, BusinessObjects, Crystal Reports, Crystal Decisions, Web Intelligence, Xcelsius, and other Business Objects products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of Business Objects S.A. in the United States and in other countries. Business Objects is an SAP company.All other product and service names mentioned are the trademarks of their respective companies. Data contained in this document serves informational purposes only. National product specifications may vary.These materials are subject to change without notice. These materials are provided by SAP AG and its affiliated companies ("SAP Group") for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP Group shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP Group products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. 2011-04-14
3. 3. Contents Introducing the universe design tool.....................................................................................15Chapter 1 Overview................................................................................................................................151.1 Universe design tool and universe fundamentals....................................................................151.2 What is a universe?................................................................................................................151.2.1 What is the role of a universe?...............................................................................................161.2.2 What does a universe contain?...............................................................................................161.2.3 About the universe window....................................................................................................181.2.4 Universe design tool install root path......................................................................................191.2.5 How do you use the universe design tool to create universes?..............................................191.3 How do objects generate SQL?.............................................................................................201.3.1 What types of database schema are supported?....................................................................201.3.2 How are universes used?.......................................................................................................211.3.3 Who is the universe designer?...............................................................................................221.4 Required skills and knowledge...............................................................................................221.4.1 What are the tasks of the universe designer?.........................................................................231.4.2 The basic steps to create a universe......................................................................................231.5 Introducing the universe development process.......................................................................241.6 Universe design methodology................................................................................................241.6.1 Universe development cycle..................................................................................................251.6.2 Optimizing universe planning and implementation time...........................................................271.6.3 Multilingual universes.............................................................................................................281.7 Multilingual universes.............................................................................................................281.7.1 Definitions of languages and locales.......................................................................................291.7.2 The different locales...............................................................................................................301.7.3 Setting the product language for the universe design tool user interface................................301.7.4 Consuming multilingual universes...........................................................................................311.7.5 Determining the fallback locale in linked universes.................................................................311.7.6 The translation management tool............................................................................................311.7.7 Multilingual data.....................................................................................................................321.7.8 Universe design tool example materials..................................................................................321.8 Demonstration databases......................................................................................................321.8.1 Demonstration universes.......................................................................................................331.8.2 2011-04-143
4. 4. Using universes with the information design tool....................................................................331.9 Doing basic operations.........................................................................................................35Chapter 2 Overview................................................................................................................................352.1 Starting the universe design tool............................................................................................352.2 To start the universe design tool............................................................................................362.2.1 Using the Quick Design wizard ..............................................................................................372.2.2 Working with XI R2 connections and universes with Designer XI R3......................................372.3 Creating a basic universe with the Quick Design wizard.........................................................382.4 Why use the Quick Design wizard?........................................................................................382.4.1 Using the Quick Design Wizard..............................................................................................382.4.2 Following up on a universe created with the Quick Design wizard..........................................462.4.3 Importing a universe...............................................................................................................462.5 Importing a universe from the repository................................................................................462.5.1 What is the difference between opening and importing?.........................................................472.5.2 Opening a universe................................................................................................................472.6 Exporting a universe...............................................................................................................482.7 How are universes organized on the repository file system?..................................................492.7.1 Exporting a universe to the repository....................................................................................492.7.2 What is the difference between exporting and saving?...........................................................502.7.3 Saving a universe...................................................................................................................502.8 Universe file names as identifiers...........................................................................................512.8.1 Saving a universe...................................................................................................................512.8.2 Saving a universe definition as PDF........................................................................................512.8.3 Closing a universe..................................................................................................................522.9 Working with multiple designers.............................................................................................532.10 Locking a universe.................................................................................................................532.10.1 Revision number....................................................................................................................532.10.2 Using the universe design tool user interface.........................................................................542.11 The main components of the user interface............................................................................542.11.1 The universe design tool user interface..................................................................................552.11.2 Manipulating windows ...........................................................................................................552.11.3 Using toolbars........................................................................................................................562.11.4 Performing an action or operation in the universe design tool.................................................572.11.5 Using Find and Replace..........................................................................................................592.12 Using Find..............................................................................................................................592.12.1 Using Quick Find....................................................................................................................622.12.2 Organizing the table display....................................................................................................622.13 How are tables represented?.................................................................................................632.13.1 Manipulating tables................................................................................................................632.13.2 Using List mode.....................................................................................................................642.13.3 2011-04-144 Contents
5. 5. Arranging tables automatically................................................................................................652.13.4 Changing table display...........................................................................................................662.13.5 Selecting schema display options...........................................................................................672.14 Setting graphic options for the Structure pane display...........................................................692.14.1 Viewing table and column values............................................................................................702.14.2 Viewing the number of rows in database tables......................................................................722.14.3 Printing a universe..................................................................................................................762.15 Setting print options...............................................................................................................762.15.1 Creating a universe and setting the universe parameters.....................................................79Chapter 3 What are universe parameters?..............................................................................................793.1 Creating a new universe.........................................................................................................803.2 Creating a new universe from scratch....................................................................................813.2.1 Viewing and entering summary information............................................................................823.3 Setting universe parameters..................................................................................................833.4 Identifying the universe ..........................................................................................................833.4.1 Defining and editing connections............................................................................................853.4.2 Setting universe summary parameters...................................................................................943.4.3 To view and enter summary information.................................................................................943.4.4 Selecting strategies...............................................................................................................953.4.5 Indicating resource controls.................................................................................................1003.4.6 What system resource options are available?.......................................................................1003.4.7 To enter resource control information...................................................................................1013.4.8 Limiting execution time for queries generating more than one SQL statement......................1013.4.9 Indicating SQL restrictions...................................................................................................1023.4.10 Indicating options for linked universes..................................................................................1043.4.11 Setting SQL generation parameters.....................................................................................1043.4.12 About SQL Generation Parameters......................................................................................1073.4.13 SQL Parameters that you set in the user interface...............................................................1073.4.14 SQL Parameters that you set in the PRM files.....................................................................1283.4.15 Creating a schema with tables and joins............................................................................145Chapter 4 Overview..............................................................................................................................1454.1 What is a schema?...............................................................................................................1454.2 Schema design is the basis for a successful universe..........................................................1464.2.1 Schema design and the universe creation process...............................................................1464.2.2 What are the stages of schema design?...............................................................................1474.2.3 Inserting tables.....................................................................................................................1474.3 Using the Table Browser......................................................................................................1474.3.1 Arranging Tables in the Structure Pane................................................................................1504.3.2 2011-04-145 Contents
6. 6. Using derived tables.............................................................................................................1514.4 Adding, editing, and deleting derived tables..........................................................................1524.4.1 Nested derived tables..........................................................................................................1544.5 Using the Derived Tables editor...........................................................................................1554.5.1 To create a nested derived table..........................................................................................1554.5.2 Renaming nested derived tables...........................................................................................1564.5.3 Using tables that have input columns...................................................................................1564.6 To define a hard-coded list of values....................................................................................1574.6.1 To define a list of values for the user to enter or select........................................................1574.6.2 Defining joins.......................................................................................................................1584.7 What is a join?......................................................................................................................1584.7.1 Why use joins in a schema?.................................................................................................1584.7.2 What SQL does a join Infer?................................................................................................1594.7.3 What tables do not have to be joined?.................................................................................1594.7.4 Joining primary and foreign keys..........................................................................................1604.7.5 Understanding the cardinality of a join..................................................................................1614.7.6 Creating joins.......................................................................................................................1614.7.7 Join properties.....................................................................................................................1664.7.8 Editing a join.........................................................................................................................1694.7.9 ANSI 92 support for joins in a universe................................................................................1734.7.10 Deleting joins.......................................................................................................................1764.7.11 Defining specific types of joins.............................................................................................1774.8 Creating Equi-joins...............................................................................................................1784.8.1 Theta joins...........................................................................................................................1814.8.2 Outer joins...........................................................................................................................1844.8.3 Shortcut joins.......................................................................................................................1884.8.4 Self restricting joins.............................................................................................................1894.8.5 Using cardinalities................................................................................................................1914.9 How are cardinalities used in the universe design tool?........................................................1924.9.1 Setting cardinalities manually................................................................................................1944.9.2 Checking the universe..........................................................................................................2014.10 Checking universe integrity automatically.............................................................................2024.10.1 Resolving join problems in a schema..................................................................................209Chapter 5 Overview..............................................................................................................................2095.1 What is a join path problem?................................................................................................2095.2 What is a Lookup Table........................................................................................................2105.2.1 What is a Fact Table.............................................................................................................2105.2.2 What Types of Join Paths Return Incorrect Results?............................................................2105.2.3 Detecting and Solving Join Problems...................................................................................2115.2.4 Defining aliases....................................................................................................................2125.3 2011-04-146 Contents
7. 7. How are Aliases Used in a Schema?....................................................................................2125.3.1 Creating Aliases...................................................................................................................2135.3.2 Defining contexts.................................................................................................................2165.4 How are Contexts Used in a Schema?.................................................................................2165.4.1 Creating a Context...............................................................................................................2175.4.2 Editing a context...................................................................................................................2205.4.3 Deleting a context................................................................................................................2225.4.4 Updating contexts................................................................................................................2225.4.5 Join Paths that Prevent Context Detection..........................................................................2235.4.6 How do Contexts Affect Queries?........................................................................................2245.4.7 Resolving loops....................................................................................................................2275.5 What is a Loop?...................................................................................................................2275.5.1 How Does a Loop Affect Queries?.......................................................................................2295.5.2 Visually Identifying Loops.....................................................................................................2365.5.3 Automatically Identifying and Resolving Loops.....................................................................2375.5.4 Tool Features to Detect and Resolve loops..........................................................................2375.5.5 Examples of Resolving Loops...............................................................................................2465.5.6 Resolving Chasm Traps.......................................................................................................2555.6 What is a Chasm Trap?........................................................................................................2555.6.1 How does a chasm trap inflate results?................................................................................2565.6.2 Detecting a Chasm Trap......................................................................................................2585.6.3 Resolving a Chasm Trap......................................................................................................2585.6.4 Resolving Fan Traps.............................................................................................................2615.7 What is a Fan Trap?.............................................................................................................2615.7.1 How Do You Detect a Fan Trap?..........................................................................................2635.7.2 How Do You Resolve a Fan Trap?........................................................................................2635.7.3 Detecting join problems graphically......................................................................................2675.8 Potential chasm trap.............................................................................................................2675.8.1 Potential fan trap..................................................................................................................2685.8.2 Checking the universe..........................................................................................................2695.9 Checking Universe Integrity Automatically............................................................................2705.9.1 Checking Universe Integrity Manually...................................................................................2715.9.2 Refreshing the Universe Structure.......................................................................................2745.9.3 Creating universes..............................................................................................................277Chapter 6 Overview..............................................................................................................................2776.1 Introduction to universe building...........................................................................................2776.2 What is an object?...............................................................................................................2786.2.1 What types of objects are used in a universe?.....................................................................2796.2.2 What is a class?...................................................................................................................2796.2.3 Using classes and objects....................................................................................................2806.2.4 2011-04-147 Contents
8. 8. Using the Universe pane......................................................................................................2806.3 Displaying classes and objects or conditions........................................................................2806.3.1 Basic operations on classes, objects, and conditions...........................................................2816.4 Cut, copy, paste..................................................................................................................2816.4.1 Moving classes, objects, or conditions.................................................................................2816.4.2 Showing or hiding classes, objects and conditions...............................................................2816.4.3 Defining classes...................................................................................................................2826.5 Creating a class...................................................................................................................2836.5.1 Class properties...................................................................................................................2856.5.2 Modifying a class.................................................................................................................2856.5.3 Using subclasses.................................................................................................................2866.5.4 Defining objects...................................................................................................................2866.6 Creating an object................................................................................................................2876.6.1 Object properties.................................................................................................................2886.6.2 Modifying an object..............................................................................................................2896.6.3 Object definition...................................................................................................................2906.6.4 Properties............................................................................................................................2936.6.5 Advanced.............................................................................................................................2946.6.6 Defining index awareness.....................................................................................................2966.6.7 Source Information...............................................................................................................3016.6.8 Using the SQL editor to define an object..............................................................................3016.6.9 Defining an object format.....................................................................................................3046.6.10 Viewing the table used in an object definition.......................................................................3066.6.11 Defining a dimension............................................................................................................3066.6.12 Defining a detail...................................................................................................................3076.6.13 Defining a measure..............................................................................................................3076.6.14 Defining restrictions for an object.........................................................................................3136.6.15 Defining condition objects....................................................................................................3186.6.16 Using self restricting joins to apply restrictions.....................................................................3246.6.17 Applying a restriction by inferring multiple tables..................................................................3246.6.18 Concatenating objects.........................................................................................................3266.6.19 Defining hierarchies..............................................................................................................3286.7 What is multidimensional analysis?.......................................................................................3286.7.1 How to identify a hierarchy...................................................................................................3296.7.2 Setting up hierarchies..........................................................................................................3306.7.3 Using cascading lists of values for hierarchies......................................................................3336.8 Creating a cascading list of values.......................................................................................3346.8.1 Using lists of values.............................................................................................................3366.9 How is a list of values used?................................................................................................3376.9.1 Defining how a list of values is used with an object..............................................................3386.9.2 List of values properties and options....................................................................................3396.9.3 2011-04-148 Contents
9. 9. Editing a list of values...........................................................................................................3446.9.4 Exporting a list of values.......................................................................................................3476.9.5 Refreshing values in a list of values......................................................................................3506.9.6 Using data from a personal data file.....................................................................................3506.9.7 Administering lists of values in the universe.........................................................................3526.9.8 Optimizing and customizing LOV files...................................................................................3536.9.9 Linking universes.................................................................................................................3546.10 What are linked universes?..................................................................................................3546.10.1 Different ways to link universes............................................................................................3566.10.2 Advantages of linking universes...........................................................................................3586.10.3 Requirements for linking universes.......................................................................................3586.10.4 Restrictions when linking universes......................................................................................3596.10.5 Creating a link between two universes.................................................................................3596.10.6 Editing a derived universe.....................................................................................................3626.10.7 Removing a link....................................................................................................................3636.10.8 Relocating the core universe................................................................................................3636.10.9 Derived universes and lists of values....................................................................................3646.10.10 Presenting objects in the order of the core universe.............................................................3646.10.11 Including one universe within another...................................................................................3656.11 Copying a core universe into a derived universe...................................................................3656.11.1 Creating stored procedure universes...................................................................................3666.12 Stored procedures in Java bean universes...........................................................................3676.12.1 Creating a universe based on stored procedures.................................................................3676.12.2 Testing the universe.............................................................................................................3716.13 Testing objects in the Query Panel.......................................................................................3716.13.1 Testing the integrity of the universe .....................................................................................3716.13.2 Testing the universe with Web Intelligence...........................................................................3716.13.3 Optimizing universes..........................................................................................................373Chapter 7 Overview..............................................................................................................................3737.1 Using aggregate tables........................................................................................................3737.2 What is aggregate awareness?............................................................................................3747.2.1 Applying aggregate awareness to data warehouses.............................................................3747.2.2 Setting up aggregate awareness..........................................................................................3747.2.3 Building the objects..............................................................................................................3767.2.4 Identifying all combinations of the aggregate objects............................................................3767.2.5 Arranging objects in aggregate level order...........................................................................3767.2.6 Defining aggregate objects with the @Aggregate_Aware function........................................3777.2.7 Specifying the incompatible objects.....................................................................................3797.2.8 Specifying incompatible objects...........................................................................................3827.2.9 Resolving loops involving aggregate tables..........................................................................3857.2.10 2011-04-149 Contents
10. 10. Testing aggregate awareness...............................................................................................3877.2.11 Using @Functions in the SQL of an object............................................................................3877.3 Inserting an @Function in an object......................................................................................3897.3.1 @Aggregate_Aware.............................................................................................................3907.3.2 @Prompt..............................................................................................................................3917.3.3 @Script................................................................................................................................4067.3.4 @Select...............................................................................................................................4077.3.5 @Variable.............................................................................................................................4087.3.6 @Where...............................................................................................................................4157.3.7 Using external strategies to customize universe creation.....................................................4177.4 Migrating external strategies to the universe design tool......................................................4177.4.1 External strategies overview.................................................................................................4187.4.2 What is an external strategy?...............................................................................................4197.4.3 Creating Help text for external strategies.............................................................................4207.4.4 Verifying that the external strategy file is declared................................................................4227.4.5 Using example external strategies........................................................................................4227.4.6 How is the strategy file (STG) structured?............................................................................4237.4.7 The output formats of strategies..........................................................................................4257.4.8 Creating an external strategy...............................................................................................4297.4.9 Creating a text file for data...................................................................................................4317.4.10 Applying external strategies in the universe design tool........................................................4317.4.11 Using analytic functions........................................................................................................4327.5 What are analytic functions?.................................................................................................4337.5.1 What are the advantages of using analytic functions?...........................................................4337.5.2 Which analytic function families are supported?....................................................................4347.5.3 How are analytic functions used in the universe design tool?................................................4347.5.4 IBM DB2 UDB and Oracle...................................................................................................4357.5.5 RedBrick (RISQL functions).................................................................................................4397.5.6 Teradata (OLAP functions)...................................................................................................4427.5.7 Inserting syntax automatically in Select statements..............................................................4457.5.8 Using the SQL prefix function..............................................................................................4467.6 To prefix SQL statements with the BEGIN_SQL universe parameter....................................4467.6.1 Optimizing the array fetch parameter....................................................................................4477.7 Modifying the array fetch parameter.....................................................................................4487.7.1 Allocating table weights........................................................................................................4487.8 Modifying the PRM file to allocate table weights..................................................................4487.8.1 Modifying the number of returned rows for a table...............................................................4497.9 Modifying the number of returned rows................................................................................4497.9.1 Using shortcut joins.............................................................................................................4507.10 2011-04-1410 Contents
11. 11. Working with OLAP universes............................................................................................451Chapter 8 About OLAP universes.........................................................................................................4518.1 What is an OLAP universe?..................................................................................................4518.1.1 Which OLAP data sources can be used to create a universe? .............................................4528.1.2 Defining connections to OLAP data sources........................................................................4578.2 About connections to OLAP data sources............................................................................4588.2.1 To start the New Connection wizard....................................................................................4588.2.2 To select database middleware for an OLAP connection......................................................4598.2.3 Login parameters for SAP BW OLAP connections...............................................................4608.2.4 Login parameters for MSAS OLAP connections .................................................................4628.2.5 Defining login parameters for Essbase connections.............................................................4638.2.6 To select source cube or query for OLAP connections.........................................................4648.2.7 To define configuration parameters for OLAP connections...................................................4658.2.8 Defining custom parameters for Essbase connections.........................................................4668.2.9 Customizing OLAP universes...............................................................................................4678.3 Creating OLAP Universes with additional parameters..........................................................4678.3.1 Defining OLAP options for your OLAP universe...................................................................4688.3.2 Defining objects in OLAP universes.....................................................................................4698.3.3 Universe design tool features supported for OLAP universes..............................................4708.3.4 Database delegated projection function...............................................................................4718.3.5 Setting delegated measures for OLAP universes.................................................................4738.3.6 Setting aggregate projection for a measure..........................................................................4738.3.7 Calculated measures in OLAP universes..............................................................................4748.3.8 About MDX functions for cube queries.................................................................................4768.3.9 XML syntax for filter and WHERE statements.......................................................................4778.3.10 Predefined conditions in OLAP universes.............................................................................4788.3.11 Optional prompts in OLAP universes....................................................................................4828.3.12 To improve performance of certain queries on SAP NetWeaver BW universes....................4838.3.13 OLAP universe lifecycle management..................................................................................4838.4 About OLAP universe lifecycle management........................................................................4838.4.1 Overview: relationship between universe object status and OLAP object status .................4858.4.2 To refresh an OLAP universe...............................................................................................4878.4.3 Regenerating Level 00 for OLAP universes..........................................................................4908.4.4 Renaming level L00 to ALL..................................................................................................4908.4.5 Replacing OLAP universe level prefixes...............................................................................4918.4.6 Synchronizing the universe and the OLAP cube...................................................................4918.4.7 How dimensions are managed in OLAP universe updates....................................................4928.4.8 How hierarchies or characteristics are managed in OLAP universe updates ........................4978.4.9 How levels are managed in OLAP universe updates ............................................................5048.4.10 How SAP variables are managed in OLAP universe updates ...............................................5088.4.11 2011-04-1411 Contents
12. 12. How key figures or measures are managed in OLAP universe updates ...............................5128.4.12 How SAP key dates are managed in OLAP universe updates ..............................................5168.4.13 How the different OLAP cubes are mapped to universes.....................................................5188.5 How SAP NetWeaver BW objects are mapped and used in a universe................................5188.5.1 How Essbase cubes are mapped to universe components...................................................5278.5.2 How MSAS cubes are mapped to universe components .....................................................5288.5.3 Working with universes from metadata sources.................................................................531Chapter 9 Introduction to generating universes from metadata sources................................................5319.1 Overview..............................................................................................................................5319.2 Universe creation overview..................................................................................................5329.3 Selecting a metadata source................................................................................................5329.4 Creating a universe from an XML source.............................................................................5339.5 XML metadata sources........................................................................................................5339.5.1 To generate a universe from an XML metadata source ........................................................5349.5.2 Choosing connection and universe options..........................................................................5359.5.3 To update a universe from an XML metadata source............................................................5369.5.4 Exporting a universe to DB2CV............................................................................................5379.6 Universe pre-requisites for export........................................................................................5379.6.1 Identifying universe metadata...............................................................................................5389.6.2 Exporting a universe to a DB2CV XML file...........................................................................5399.6.3 Universe to DB2CV metadata mapping................................................................................5399.6.4 Mapping specific SQL expressions......................................................................................5449.6.5 Oracle Analytic Workspaces................................................................................................5459.7 How is a universe generated from an OLAP cube?...............................................................5459.7.1 Mapping Oracle OLAP structures to universe components..................................................5469.7.2 Analyzing the relational view.................................................................................................5469.7.3 What are the shortcut joins in the universe used for?...........................................................5479.7.4 How are Oracle OLAP structures mapped to universe components?...................................5499.7.5 Create a view and generate a universe.................................................................................5539.7.6 Options for creating a universe and view from an Oracle Analytic Workspace......................5549.7.7 Creating a view and generating a universe...........................................................................5549.7.8 Create a view only from an Oracle Analytical Workspace.....................................................5569.7.9 Generating a universe from an existing view.........................................................................5569.7.10 To generate a universe from an existing view.......................................................................5569.7.11 Deploying universes............................................................................................................559Chapter 10 Overview..............................................................................................................................55910.1 How are universes deployed?...............................................................................................55910.2 Identifying a universe in the repository.................................................................................55910.2.1 2011-04-1412 Contents
13. 13. Giving all users access to a universe....................................................................................56010.3 Setting access restrictions on a universe.............................................................................56110.4 What is a restriction?...........................................................................................................56110.4.1 What restrictions can be applied in a universe?....................................................................56210.4.2 How are access restrictions managed?................................................................................56210.4.3 Creating a restriction............................................................................................................56410.4.4 Applying universe access restrictions...................................................................................56710.4.5 Adding a user group to the list of available users for a universe...........................................56710.4.6 Setting restriction group priority...........................................................................................56910.4.7 Viewing users and groups security restrictions.....................................................................57010.4.8 Managing users and logins...................................................................................................57110.5 Managing logins...................................................................................................................57110.5.1 Managing passwords...........................................................................................................57210.5.2 Using the sample materials.................................................................................................573Chapter 11 Overview..............................................................................................................................57311.1 The Club database...............................................................................................................57311.2 The structure of the tables...................................................................................................57311.2.1 More Information.................................................................................................................583Appendix A Index 585 2011-04-1413 Contents
14. 14. 2011-04-1414 Contents
15. 15. Introducing the universe design tool 1.1 Overview This chapter gives you a general introduction to the universe design tool, the tool you use to build universes. It describes universes, what they contain, how they are created, and the role that universes have in your business environment. The typical universe development cycle is described, with best design practices recommended. The demonstration databases and universes shipped with this release are also described. This chapter introduces the universe design tool, the devlopment process and the different language possibilities for the universe. The following topics are covered: Related Topics • Universe design tool and universe fundamentals • How do you use the universe design tool to create universes? • Who is the universe designer? • Introducing the universe development process • Multilingual universes 1.2 Universe design tool and universe fundamentals Business Objects universe design tool is a software tool that allows you to create universes for Web Intelligence and Desktop Intelligence users. 1.2.1 What is a universe? A universe is a file that contains the following: 2011-04-1415 Introducing the universe design tool
16. 16. • Connection parameters for one or more database middleware. • SQL structures called objects that map to actual SQL structures in the database such as columns, tables, and database functions. Objects are grouped into classes. Objects and classes are both visible to Web Intelligence users. • A schema of the tables and joins used in the database. Objects are built from the database structures that you include in your schema. The schema is only available to universe design tool users. It is not visible to Web Intelligence and Desktop Intelligence users. Web Intelligence users connect to a universe, and run queries against a database. They can do data analysis and create reports using the objects in a universe, without seeing, or having to know anything about, the underlying data structures in the database. 1.2.2 What is the role of a universe? The role of a universe is to provide an easy to use and understand interface for non technical Web Intelligence users to run queries against a database to create reports and perform data analysis. As the universe designer, you use the universe design tool to create objects that represent database structures, for example columns and database functions, that users need to access and query, to get the information necessary to meet their business requirements. The objects that you create in the universe must be relevant to the end user business environment and vocabulary. Their role is to present a business focussed front end to the SQL structures in the database. 1.2.3 What does a universe contain? A universe contains the following structures: • Classes • Objects 1.2.3.1 Classes A class is a logical grouping of objects within a universe. It represents a category of objects. The name of a class should indicate the category of the objects that it contains. A class can be divided hierarchically into subclasses. 2011-04-1416 Introducing the universe design tool
17. 17. 1.2.3.2 Objects An object is a named component that maps to data or a derivation of data in the database. The name of an object should be drawn from the business vocabulary of the targeted user group. For example, objects used in a universe used by a product manager could be Product, Life Cycle, or Release Date. A universe used by a financial analyst could contain objects such as Profit Margin or Return on Investment. 1.2.3.3 Types of objects In the universe design tool, objects are qualified as one of three types: dimension, detail, or measure. DescriptionObject type Parameters for analysis. Dimensions typically re- late to a hierarchy such as geography, product, or time. For example. Last Name and City_Id Dimension Provide a description of a dimension, but are not the focus for analysis. For example. Phone Number Detail Convey numeric information which is used to quantify a dimension object. For example, Sales Revenue Measure 1.2.3.4 Objects infer SQL structures displayed in a schema The objects that Web Intelligence users see in a universe infer SQL structures that you have inserted into a database schema. You, as the universe designer, create this schema based on the tables and joins that are required to return the data, needed by users for their analysis and report creation. 2011-04-1417 Introducing the universe design tool
18. 18. The schema is a part of the universe file, but is only visible and accessible in the universe design tool. You create the schema in the "Structure pane" of the "Universe window". A schema is shown below for the sample universe Beach.unv. 1.2.3.5 How are objects presented in a universe? Objects are displayed as nodes in a "Tree explorer" view in the "Universe pane". You use the object explorer to create, delete, copy, view, and move classes and objects. 1.2.4 About the universe window The "Universe window" in the universe design tool is shown below. It contains both the "Universe" pane (also visible in Web Intelligence) and the "Structure pane" (visible only in the universe design tool). 2011-04-1418 Introducing the universe design tool
19. 19. 1.2.5 Universe design tool install root path In this guide the variable $INSTALLDIR is the install root path for the data access files used by the universe design tool and Web Intelligence. This is the Business Objects installation path with the operating system sub directory that contains the universe design tool executable and the data access drivers. Under Windows, $INSTALLDIR = ...Business ObjectsBusinessObjects Enterprise 12.0win32_x86. For example C:Program FilesBusiness ObjectsBusinessObjects Enterprise 12.0win32_x86. 1.3 How do you use the universe design tool to create universes? The universe design tool provides a connection wizard that allows you to connect to your database middleware. You can create multiple connections with the tool, but only one connection can be defined for each universe. This database connection is saved with the universe. The universe design tool provides a graphical interface that allows you to select and view tables in a database. The database tables are represented as table symbols in a schema diagram. You can use 2011-04-1419 Introducing the universe design tool
20. 20. this interface to manipulate tables, create joins that link the tables, create alias tables, contexts, and solve loops in your schema. Web Intelligence users do not see this schema. The universe design tool provides an object explorer view, the "Tree explorer". You use the "Tree explorer" to create objects that map to the columns and SQL structures that are represented in the schema view. Web Intelligence users manipulate these objects to run queries against a database. The universe design tool allows you to distribute universes by importing and exporting universes to the Central Management System (CMS) repository. 1.3.1 How do objects generate SQL? Web Intelligence users create queries by dragging objects into the "Query" work area. The definition of each object infers a SELECT statement. When a query is run, a SELECT statement and optional WHERE clause for all the objects is run against the target database. When a user chooses to include dimension and/or detail objects with a measure object in the "Query" work area, a GROUP BY clause containing the content of those dimension and detail objects is automatically added to the SELECT statement. The tables that are included in the FROM clause and the Joins in the WHERE clause, are inferred from the table schema that you build in the "Structure" pane. 1.3.2 What types of database schema are supported? The universe design tool can support most types of database schema, including all those shown below. You do not need to redefine or optimize your database before using the universe design tool. 2011-04-1420 Introducing the universe design tool
21. 21. 1.3.3 How are universes used? Universes are used by Web Intelligence users. The universes are stored in the Central Management System (CMS) repository. An end user connects to a universe from a web browser. The connection to the database is defined in the universe, so by connecting to the universe, the end user automatically has access to the data. The access to data is in turn restricted by the objects that are available in the universe. These objects have been created by you, the universe designer, based on the user needs profile for a defined user group. 1.3.3.1 Representing a targeted data need A universe can represent the data needs of any specific application, system, or group of users. For example, a universe can contain objects that represent the data needs of the Marketing or Accounting departments in a company. A universe can also represent the data needs of a section within a department or any set of organized procedures such as a payroll or inventory system. Examples of classes are Employee Information, Attendance Information, and Department Information. 1.3.3.2 Universes and the database schema The database schema is used to create three universes; PERSONNEL, INVENTORY, and SALES. Each universe contains classes and objects. Each object maps to a part of the database structure. 2011-04-1421 Introducing the universe design tool
22. 22. 1.3.3.3 Who uses universes? Web Intelligence users use universes for reporting and analysis. The universe should provide them with classes and objects relevant to their business domain. 1.4 Who is the universe designer? Universes are created by a universe designer using the universe design tool. There is no standard profile for a universe designer. Within a company, the person designated as the universe designer may be the database administrator, an applications manager or developer, a project manager, or a report creator who has acquired enough technical skills to create universes for other users. There can be more than one universe designer in a company. The number of universe designers depends on the company's data requirements. For example, one universe designer could be appointed for each application, project, department or functional area. When several people create universes, it is important to define a set of rules or guidelines for terminology, so that the objects are represented consistently. 1.4.1 Required skills and knowledge A universe designer should have the following skills and level of technical knowledge: DescriptionSkill/Knowledge Universes are created to meet a user need for data. The universe designer must have the skills to conduct user needs analyses to create classes and objects that are relevant to the user vocabu- lary, and to develop universes that meet the needs of the user community. These needs in- clude report creation and query results that are suitable for analysis Ability to analyze user needs 2011-04-1422 Introducing the universe design tool
23. 23. DescriptionSkill/Knowledge Universe designer needs to have a good working knowledge of the company's database manage- ment system (DBMS), how the databases are deployed, the logical database structure, and the type of data stored in company databases Database knowledge A working knowledge of SQL is necessaryStuctured Query Language (SQL) 1.4.2 What are the tasks of the universe designer? The universe designer is normally responsible for the following tasks: • Conducting user needs analysis • Designing and creating the universe • Distributing the universe • Maintaining the universe 1.5 The basic steps to create a universe The universe is the part of the .unv file that is used by end-users who use reporting tools to create reports. It is the only part if the .unv file that is visible to the end-users. When you create a universe, you perform the following steps: 1. Create a new (empty) universe file and set the connection and parameter details. 2. Create a schema of the database tables that you want to use, and define the joins between tables. The schema is not visible to end-users who use reporting tools to create reports. 3. Resolve any join problems in the schema. 4. Create the classes and objects that make up the universe. The universe is used by end-users who use reporting tools to create reports. Related Topics • Doing basic operations • Creating a universe and setting the universe parameters 2011-04-1423 Introducing the universe design tool
24. 24. • Creating a schema with tables and joins • Resolving join problems in a schema • Creating universes • Optimizing universes 1.6 Introducing the universe development process The following sections give an overview of how you manually create a universe, and describe how universe creation fits into a typical universe development cycle. 1.6.1 Universe design methodology The universe design methodology described in this manual consists of one planning stage, and three implementation phases: • Analysis of business problem and planning the universe solution • Designing a schema • Building the universe • Distributing the universe to users Each implementation phase is based on an assumption that you have completed an initial planning phase. The planning phase can be done without using the universe design tool, and is the decisive phase for the success or failure of your universe. A poorly planned universe that is not based on a study of user reporting needs will be difficult to design, implement, maintain, and will not be useful to your target users. Each of these phases is described as follows: 1.6.1.1 Plan the universe before you start using the universe design tool Before starting the first phase, you should spend up to eighty percent of the time allotted for the universe creation project, planning the universe. You should note the following points: • You must analyze the data analysis and reporting needs of the target audience for the universe. The structures that you use to create the schema should be based on a clearly defined user need to access the data contained in those tables and columns. 2011-04-1424 Introducing the universe design tool
25. 25. • You should have a clear idea of the objects that you need to create before you start using the universe design tool. Do not create objects by looking at the columns available in the database, but identify columns that match an object that you have already identified from your user needs analysis. 1.6.1.2 Designing a schema You create a schema for the underlying database structure of your universe. This schema includes the tables and columns of the target database and the joins by which they are linked. You may need to resolve join problems such as loops, chasm traps, and fan traps, which may occur in the structure by using aliases or contexts. You test the integrity of the overall structure. In this guide, the designing a schema phase is described in the chapters Creating a schema with tables and joins and Resolving join problems in a schema. 1.6.1.3 Building the universe You create the objects that infer SELECT statements based on the components of your schema. You organize these objects into classes. These are objects that you have identified from an analysis of user reporting needs. You can create many types of objects to enhance user reporting capabilities, multidimensional analysis, and optimize query performance. You test the integrity of your universe structure. You should also perform tests by running reports in Web Intelligence. The building phase is described in the chapter Creating universes. 1.6.1.4 Distributing the universe You can distribute your universes to users for testing, and eventually for production, by exporting them to the Central Management System (CMS) repository. This phase is described in the chapter Deploying universes. 1.6.2 Universe development cycle 2011-04-1425 Introducing the universe design tool
26. 26. Universe development is a cyclic process which includes planning, designing, building, distribution, and maintenance phases. You use the universe design tool to design and build a universe, however, the usability of any universe is directly related to how successfully the other phases in the development cycle interact with each other. This section presents an overview of a universe design methodology that you can use to plan and implement a universe development project. The table below outlines the major phases in a typical universe development cycle: DescriptionDevelopment phase • Identify the target data source and become familiar with its structure. • Know what data is contained within each table of each of the target databases. • Understand the joins. • Identify the cardinality. • Know what is possible. Prepare • Identify the user population and how it is structured; for example is the user group structured by department or by task. • Identify what information the users need. • Identify what standard reports they require. • Familiarize yourself with their business termi- nology so that you can name objects sensibly. Analyze Identify a project strategy. For example, how many universes should be created and which ones should have the capacity to be linked and to what level. Plan • Build the universe using the tool. This manual covers this part of the universe development cycle, the actual use of the universe design tool. • Test frequently during the build process for validity and reliability of inferred SQL. Implement 2011-04-1426 Introducing the universe design tool
27. 27. DescriptionDevelopment phase Form a small group of Web Intelligence power users who have some knowledge of what informa- tion they expect to get from the universe. Ask the users to perform thorough tests simulating live usage of the universe(s). Test Distribute the universe by exporting universe to the Central Management System (CMS) reposito- ry, where it can be accessed by end users. Deploy Update and maintain the universe as the data sources and user requirements change and grow. Evolve Note: Universe design should always be driven primarily by user requirements and NOT the data source structure. 1.6.3 Optimizing universe planning and implementation time The analysis of user requirements and design are the most important stages in the process. Users must be heavily involved in the development process if the universe is going to fulfil their needs both with the business language used to name objects and the data that can be accessed. Implementation will be very quick and easy if the first three stages are carried out properly. You can spend up to 80% of the time allocated to the development of a universe on the first three stages: • Preparing • Analyzing • Planning If you have spent the time in the laying the foundation for your universe, the other 20% of the time spent actually using the universe design tool to build your universe will be much more productive than if you have not spent the necessary time in planning and analysis. 2011-04-1427 Introducing the universe design tool
28. 28. 1.7 Multilingual universes 1.7.1 Multilingual universes One of the key features of SAP BusinessObjects Enterprise XI4 is the ability to produce multilingual metadata and reports from the same universe. This feature enables the user to have a one-step multilingual reporting solution that is locale sensitive, supported by a single metadata universe model, and provides full Unicode support. Reports can then be built once from the same universe and displayed in several languages based on user preferences. The universe metadata that can be translated are: • Universe name • Universe description • Class names • Object names • Object names, descriptions and formats • Custom hierarchies names • Prompt and input column questions Note: Only prompts defined in the universe metadata can be translated. Prompts defined using the @Prompt function cannot be translated. A universe may contain translations in several locales. When creating reports on top of the universe, the metadata are displayed in a locale that depends on the user's Preferred Viewing Locale. A universe also defines a fallback locale that is a locale to use if no locale is available. Only locales that have their status set to Ready for use can be seen by the user that creates reports on top of the universe. In these visible locales, only metadata whose status is in the Translation Visible category can be seen by the user who creates reports on top of the universe. The Translation Visible category contains metadata that have the following statuses: • NEEDS_REVIEW_TRANSLATION • NEEDS_REVIEW_LOCALIZATION • NEEDS_REVIEW_ADAPTATION • TRANSLATED • FINAL • SIGNED_OFF 2011-04-1428 Introducing the universe design tool
29. 29. Translating universe metadata, setting the universe locales, and and metadata statuses are done through the translation management tool tool. Translations and locales parameters are stored in an additional XML stream and saved in the .unv file format. The universe design tool user interface can also be displayed in different languages. The following text describes the multilingual universe features of the tool. 1.7.2 Definitions of languages and locales Some languages are associated to several countries. For example French (fr) is a language spoken in the following countries: France (FR), Belgium (BE) and Switzerland (CH). In this example fr-FR, fr-BE, fr-CH means French (fr) as the language in France (FR), in Belgium (BE) and in Switzerland (CH). CountryLanguage FranceFrench BelgiumFrench SwitzerlandFrench At the same time a country can be associated to several languages (fr-CH, de-CH, it-CH). For instance, in Switzerland German, French and Italian are all spoken. CountryLanguage SwitzerlandFrench SwitzerlandGerman SwitzerlandItalian A locale defines the combination of a language and a geographical area, and the way data is sorted. Dates and times are often formatted in specific formats. When you combine language and country (for example, French language in France), the locale appears as follows depending on Operating System or applications: Locale formatOperating System Français (France) Where the locale is taken from your system set- tings (country) Windows fr_FRJava 2011-04-1429 Introducing the universe design tool
30. 30. Locale formatOperating System fr_FR.ISO8859-1Sun Solaris Français (France) [fr-FR]Infoview 6.5.1 To simplify the documentation and the application, the same term "language" may be used for both language and locale meanings. 1.7.3 The different locales DefinitionTerms This is the universe design tool user interface language. The menu and messages appear in that language. Product language Your preferred viewing language settings. This defines the locale in which strings, text and format - the parts of the resource (document or universe) content or attribute list - appear in the application on InfoView or Web Intelligence Rich Client. Preferred viewing locale (PVL) The locale used when your preferred viewing lo- cale is not available. Substitution (Fallback) locale The locale in which the document has been cre- ated. Source language 1.7.4 Setting the product language for the universe design tool user interface In the General tab of the Tools > Options settings of the universe design tool, choose a Language from the list of available languages, this is the product language, also known as the User Interface Language (UIL). There is no impact on the universe metadata: object names, context names, and classes appear in the original language of the database elements. To translate the universe metadata, use the translation management tool. 2011-04-1430 Introducing the universe design tool
31. 31. 1.7.5 Consuming multilingual universes When a user creates a report on top of a multilingual universe, in Web Intelligence for example, the locale in which metadata is displayed depends in the locale's availability/status and the metadata category: • A metadata translation in a locale is displayed if and only if its status is in the Visible category and this locale has been defined as Ready for use. • The locale in which to display the translation metadata is, by priority order: • The user's Preferred Viewing Locale. • If the Preferred Viewing Locale is not available, the fallback locale if it has been defined in this universe. • If no fallback locale has been defined in this universe, then the dominant locale of the user's Preferred Viewing Locale. • If it is not available, the original content is displayed. This original content is the metadata as it is defined in the universe design tool. 1.7.6 Determining the fallback locale in linked universes A derived universe may re-use metadata from different core universes. When the derived universe and the core universes define different fallback locales: • If a fallback locale is defined at derived universe level, then use this fallback locale. • If no fallback locale is defined at derived universe level, then use the fallback locale of the first core universe defined in the derived universe, if any. • If no fallback locale has been defined in any core universes, then the universe has no fallback locale. 1.7.7 The translation management tool The universe design tool cannot be used to translate universe metadata or even display metadata translations. In the universe design tool, only the original universe content is displayed. For translation tasks, the BusinessObjects Enterprise suite provides the translation management tool. This tool is a stand-alone application available only on Windows platforms. Through the translation management tool, the person designing the universe can: • Add new locales in a universe and set them as Ready to Use. • Define the universe's fallback locale. 2011-04-1431 Introducing the universe design tool
32. 32. • Translate universe metadata in the added locales through the interface itself. • Set the status of the translation of the metadata in the different locales. • Export universe metadata into XLIFF files for external translation and import them back into the application. Once the universe metadata has been translated, it can be re-saved and multilingual reports may benefit from these translations. Refer to the "Translation management tool" user guide for more information. 1.7.8 Multilingual data Through the PREFERRED_VIEWING_LOCALE and the DOMINANT_PREFERRED_VIEWING_LOCALE variables, the designer can customize the universe in order to filter multilingual data and retrieve only data in the user's Preferred Viewing Locale at query time. This can be done by using the @Variable function. 1.8 Universe design tool example materials The following samples are shipped with the universe design tool: 1.8.1 Demonstration databases Most of the examples in this guide are based on the Club database built with Microsoft Access 2000. This database is used by the sales manager of the fictitious business, Island Resorts, to perform sales and marketing analysis. You can find the database file, Club.mdb, in the Databases subfolder in the Business Objects installation path. For more information on the structure of this database, refer to the appendix at the back of this guide. The efashion database is also shipped with this release. This MS Access 2000 database tracks 211 products (663 product color variations), sold over 13 stores (12 US, 1 in Canada), over 3 years. The database contains: • A central fact table with 89,000 rows of sales information on a weekly basis. • A second fact table containing promotions. • Two aggregate tables which were set up with aggregate navigation. 2011-04-1432 Introducing the universe design tool
33. 33. 1.8.2 Demonstration universes A complete demo universe called beach.unv is delivered in the Universes subfolder of the Samples folder in the Business Objects installation path. It was built with the Club database described above. You can use this universe to learn how to build specific objects and classes with the universe design tool. The universe design tool also comes with the efashion universe built using the efashion database. 1.9 Using universes with the information design tool You can use the information design tool to work with .unv format universes that were created by the universe design tool, universe design tool desktop edition, Universe Designer or Universe Designer Personal. These files cannot be used directly by the information design tool, you must first convert them, or upgrade and then convert them, depending on the version of the file. See the information design tool for information about the steps to perform in order to use different versions of .unv universe files, and which features are supported after the files are converted. Note: Once a .unv file has been converted for use with the information design tool, the file cannot be opened with the tool that was originally used to create it. 2011-04-1433 Introducing the universe design tool
34. 34. 2011-04-1434 Introducing the universe design tool
35. 35. Doing basic operations 2.1 Overview This chapter describes the basic operations you perform in the universe design tool to create, modify, and update universes. The following topics are covered: • Starting the universe design tool • Importing a universe • Opening a universe • Exporting a universe • Saving a universe • Creating a universe and setting the universe parameters • Using the universe design tool user interface • Using Find and Replace • Organizing the table display • Selecting schema display options • Printing a universe 2.2 Starting the universe design tool The universe design tool can only be used with a Central Management System (CMS) repository. You must log in to the repository before starting the tool. If you are starting the tool for the first time and want to work on an existing universe, you need to open the universe directly first, save it with a secure connection, and export it to the repository. You then import the universe to make updates and export updated versions. This ensures that the CMS and the local universe versions are synchronized. Once you start the universe design tool you can open a universe in one of the following ways: 2011-04-1435 Doing basic operations
36. 36. • Create a new universe • Import a universe from the CMS repository • Open a universe directly from the file system A universe is only available to Web Intelligence users when it is exported to the repository. Importing a universe, making changes, then exporting the updated universe is the most common way of working with the universe design tool. It ensures that the CMS (repository) version is synchronized with the file version. Note: You can save a universe to the file system. You do this when you want to share the universe with other users who may not have a connection rights to the target CMS. See the section Saving a universe for more information. You start the universe design tool from the task bar by clicking the tool icon in the group of installed Business Objects products for this release. You are prompted to log into the CMS before the tool starts. 2.2.1 To start the universe design tool To start the universe design tool : 1. Click the Start button on the taskbar. 2. Point to the Programs menu. 3. Click the universe design tool program from the BusinessObjects command. The login box for the CMS appears. 4. Type the following information. This information is normally provided for you by the BusinessObjects administrator. DescriptionLogin information Name of the CMS server.System Your repository user name.User Name Your repository password.Password Your security levelAuthentication 5. Click OK. 2011-04-1436 Doing basic operations
37. 37. The universe design tool startup screen appears, and an empty session opens. The user name and CMS name appear in the title bar. Depending on options set for the universe design tool, the "Quick Start" universe design wizard can start automatically when you start the universe design tool. Click Cancel to close the wizard. For more information on disabling other wizard options, see the section Disactivating the Quick Design wizard. If you want to use the Quick Design wizard, then you can refer to the section Using the Quick Design Wizard. 2.2.2 Using the Quick Design wizard When you start a session for the first time, a "Quick Design" wizard appears by default. You can use the wizard to quickly create a universe, or to familiarize yourself with the universe design tool, however, it is not an appropriate tool for creating a complete universe that responds to end user reporting requirements. It is recommended that you disable the "Quick Design" wizard, and use it only as a means to familiarize yourself with the universe design tool , and not use it to design universes. All the universe design, building, and maintenance information and procedures in this manual assume that you have disabled the "Quick Design" wizard, except for the chapter Using the Quick Design Wizard which deals specifically with using the wizard. For information on disabling other "Quick Design" wizard options, see the section Disactivating the Quick Design wizard. 2.3 Working with XI R2 connections and universes with Designer XI R3 In this release of the universe design tool, you can access a connection and open or import a universe stored in an XI R2 CMS. When working with XI R2 universes and connections, you need to note the following points: • Desktop Intelligence XI R2 users can refresh documents created with Desktop Intelligence XI 3.1 based on XI 3.1 universes and XI R2 connections. • Desktop Intelligence XI R2 users can create documents based on XI 3.1 universes and XI R2 connections. • If you want to edit and save the XI R2 connection, a warning message appears informing you that if the connection is saved, it is saved as an XI 3.1 connection, and XI R2 reports using that connection will not be able to be refreshed. • You can open XI R2 universes with XI 3.1 Universe Designer, but you can not open an XI 3.1 universe with a prior version of Designer. This interconnection ability between Desktop Intelligence XI R2 and XI 3.1 installations, allows administrators to upgrade servers while retaining Desktop Intelligence XI R2 and XI 3.1 clients connecting 2011-04-1437 Doing basic operations
38. 38. to the upgraded XI 3.1 servers. This is a temporary phase while the upgrade of a large client population is managed. 2.4 Creating a basic universe with the Quick Design wizard For a demonstration or quick test universe based on a simple relational schema, use the "Quick Design" wizard for creating a basic yet complete universe. You can use the resulting universe immediately, or you can modify the objects and create complex new ones. In this way, you can gradually refine the quality and structure of your universe. If you are designing a production universe, you should create the universe manually. All other chapters of this guide are based on showing you how to manually create a universe. This is the only section that deals with automatic universe creation. 2.4.1 Why use the Quick Design wizard? The Quick Design wizard assists you throughout the creation of a universe. It guides you in establishing a connection to the database and then lets you create simple classes and objects. The wizard also provides built-in strategies for the automatic creation of objects, joins, and tables. Using Quick Design has the following benefits: • If you are new to the universe design tool, it can help you get familiar with the user interface and basic universe design. • If you are creating a demonstration universe, it saves you time by automating much of the design process. With the wizard, you can quickly set up a working model of your universe, and then you can customize the universe to suit the needs of your target audience. 2.4.2 Using the Quick Design Wizard Quick Design is the name of the wizard that you use to automatically create a universe. Each step in the wizard is described in each of the following sections. 2.4.2.1 Starting the Quick Design wizard 2011-04-1438 Doing basic operations
39. 39. To start the Quick Design wizard: 1. Start the universe design tool . The User Identification dialog box is displayed. 2. In the User Identification dialog box, enter your user name and password. 3. Click OK. The welcome screen of the Quick Design wizard appears. Note: If you do not want the wizard to appear the next time you launch a session, clear the check box Run this Wizard at Startup. In addition, you can find two options relating to the display of the wizard in the General tab of the Options dialog box: Show Welcome Wizard and File/New Starts Quick Design wizard (Tools menu, Options command). 2.4.2.2 The welcome screen The welcome screen displays an overview of the four steps necessary to create a basic universe. It also provides a check box: Click here to choose strategies. If you click this check box, you will be able to select the strategies for creating the universe; otherwise, the universe design tool applies the default built-in strategies. In each dialog box that follows, Quick Design prompts you for the information needed to carry out the action. To move from one dialog box to the next, click Next. You can return to the previous dialog box by clicking Back. You may end the process and quit Quick Design at any time by clicking the Cancel button. 2011-04-1439 Doing basic operations
40. 40. When you select the Click here to choose strategies check box, a dialog box appears listing strategies. This dialog box is described in Choosing the strategies. You can select a strategy, or accept the default strategies. Click Begin to start the creation process. 2.4.2.3 Defining the universe parameters In this step, you define the universe parameters: the universe name and a database connection. You can enter a long name of up to 35 alphanumeric characters for the universe. 2011-04-1440 Doing basic operations
41. 41. You can either create the connection, or select an existing one. To create a connection, click the New button, and specify the necessary parameters in the dialog boxes that follow. For more instructions on these dialog boxes, refer to the section Defining and editing connections. To check whether your connection is valid, click the Test button. The Edit button lets you modify the parameters of the connection. Click the Next button to proceed to the next step. 2.4.2.4 Choosing the strategies If you clicked the check box for strategies in the welcome screen, Quick Design prompts you to specify strategies for the creation of objects, joins, and tables. A strategy is a script that reads structural information from a database or flat file. The universe design tool uses these scripts to create objects, joins, and tables automatically. 2011-04-1441 Doing basic operations
42. 42. From a list box, you can select another strategy, or none at all. Brief descriptions of the current strategies appear just below the list boxes. In addition to the built-in internal strategies provided by the universe design tool , you can also create your own external strategies. Refer to the section Using external strategies to customize universe creation. Click the Next button to proceed to the next step. 2.4.2.5 Creating the initial classes and objects Based on the parameters of your database connection, the wizard presents you with a list of database tables and columns. You create the initial classes and objects by selecting tables and columns from the left pane, and adding them to the Universe classes and objects pane on the right. 2011-04-1442 Doing basic operations
43. 43. By default, the left pane shows only the names of the tables.You can use the following methods to navigate through the file trees, and add classes and objects to the right pane: • To view the columns of any table, click the plus sign (+) to the left of the table name. • To view the data values of any table or column, click it and then click the View Values button. • To select one table, click the table, and then click the Add button. • To select several contiguous tables, hold down the Shift key, then click the first table and last table. All the tables between the selected tables will be highlighted. Then click the Add button. • To select several tables that are not contiguous, click each table while holding down the Ctrl key. Click the Add button. • Another way to select tables is to drag and drop them from the left pane to the right pane. When you insert a table, the universe design tool includes all of its columns. In the right pane, the names of classes are displayed beside a folder icon. Click the plus sign (+) beside the class name to view the objects. You can rename a class or object by double-clicking it and entering a new name in the dialog box. By default, an object is qualified as a dimension object, which is indicated by the cube symbol that precedes the object's name. To remove a class or object, click it and then click the Remove button. Click Next to move to the next step. 2011-04-1443 Doing basic operations
44. 44. 2.4.2.6 Creating measure objects A measure object is derived from an aggregate function: Count, Sum, Minimum, or Maximum. This type of object provides numeric information. Examples of measure objects are shown in the right pane of the dialog box below: If you wish to view the data values associated with an object, click it and then click the View Values button. To create a measure object, click the appropriate object in the left pane, and then click the aggregate button. You can rename any measure object you create. Grouping measure objects in one or more measures classes improves the organization of the universe. It also facilitates the end user's ease of navigation. For more information on measure objects, refer to the section Defining a measure. When you click Next, Quick Design begins creating your universe. 2.4.2.7 Generating the universe Quick Design automatically generates your new universe based on the parameters you specified. It indicates the number of classes, objects, and joins created in your universe. 2011-04-1444 Doing basic operations
45. 45. In the dialog box above, a message states that loops exist within the joins of the universe. The universe design tool enables you to resolve loops with aliases and contexts. Refer to the Designing a Schema chapter for more information. When you click the Finish button, the Universe pane and the Structure pane of your new universe appear. 2.4.2.8 Ending a Work Session Select File > Save As to save the universe, then File > Close to close the universe. When you save the universe, the universe design tool prompts you to enter a file name. A universe file name can contain the maximum number of characters allowed by your operating system. It has a .unv extension. By default, the universe design tool stores these files in the Universe subfolder of the BusinessObjects folder. In Windows 2000, this folder appears under the Local Data folder for your user profile. To quit the universe design tool, select File > Exit. 2.4.2.9 Disactivating the Quick Design wizard When you first start a session, a "Quick Design" wizard appears by default. You can prevent the wizard appearing automatically when you create a new universe as follows: 2011-04-1445 Doing basic operations
46. 46. To disactivate the "Quick Design" wizard: 1. Select Tools > Options. The "Options" dialog box opens to the General page. 2. Clear the Show Welcome Wizard check box. (This check box is already cleared if you have cleared the Run this Wizard at Startup check box from the "Startup Wizard" Welcome page.) 3. Clear the File/New Starts Quick Design Wizard check box. 4. Click OK. You can activate the "Quick Design" wizard at any time by selecting the above check boxes from the General page of the "Options" dialog box. Using the "Quick Design" wizard is covered in the section Using the Quick Design Wizard. 2.4.3 Following up on a universe created with the Quick Design wizard Once you have created a basic universe with the Quick Design wizard, you may find it necessary to edit joins, and to resolve all loops using aliases or contexts. In addition, you can choose to enhance your universe with more complex components using the various universe design tool features. For the appropriate information, you should refer to the relevant section in this manual. 2.5 Importing a universe You can import one or more universes stored in a universe folder in the repository. You can only import a universe that has already been exported to the repository. When you import a universe, the CMS checks the universe version on the repository file system. If the version is identical, the universe is made available to the universe design tool. If the universe version on the repository file system is more recent than the CMS version, a message box appears asking if you want to replace the universe in the folder. If you answer Yes, then the universe on the repository file system is replaced by the version in the CMS. 2.5.1 Importing a universe from the repository 2011-04-1446 Doing basic operations

Universe Design Tool User Guide Pdf

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